Of God and His Creatures (Summa Contra Gentiles)

Name: Of God and His Creatures (Summa Contra Gentiles)
Author: Thomas Aquinas

Thomas Aquinas (c. 1225–1274) was an Italian Dominican friar and the foremost scholastic theologian of the Middle Ages. Teaching at Paris and Naples, he sought to show faith and reason in harmony, drawing Aristotle into Christian theology. His Summa Theologiae and Summa Contra Gentiles — the latter partly represented here by Of God and His Creatures — and his Catena Aurea, a chain of patristic comments on the Gospels, are in our library.

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First published: 1264
Category: Theology
Length: 203k words · about 14 hours
Chapters: 385

About this book

Joseph Rickaby's 1905 English translation presents Thomas Aquinas's Summa Contra Gentiles, a thirteenth-century work written to commend the Christian faith before thoughtful unbelievers. Aquinas considers what reason can learn about God's existence, nature, and providence, and then treats creation and humanity's journey toward God. It offers a careful, orderly account of Catholic theology in conversation with philosophy.

Preface
Chapter I. The Function of the Wise Man
Chapter II. Of the Author’s Purpose
Chapter III. That the Truths which we confess concerning God fall under two Modes or Categories
Chapter IV. That it is an advantage for the Truths of God, known by Natural Reason, to be proposed to men to be believed on faith
Chapter V. That it is an advantage for things that cannot he searched out by Reason to be proposed as Tenets of Faith
Chapter VI. That there is no lightmindedness in assenting to Truths of Faith, although they are above Reason
Chapter VII. That the Truth of reason is not contrary to the Truth of Christian Faith
Chapter VIII. Of the Relation of Human Reason to the first Truth of Faith
Chapter IX. The Order and Mode of Procedure in this Work
Chapter X. Of the Opinion of those who say that the Existence of God cannot he proved, being a Self-evident Truth
Chapter XI. Rejection of the aforesaid Opinion, and Solution of the aforesaid Reasons
Chapter XII. Of the Opinion of those who say that the Existence of God is a Tenet of Faith alone and cannot he demonstrated
Chapter XIII. Reasons in Proof of the Existence of God
Chapter XIV. That in order to a Knowledge of God we must use the Method of Negative Differentiation
Chapter XV. That God is Eternal
Chapter XVI. That in God there is no Passive Potentiality
Chapter XVIII. That in God there is no Composition
Chapter XX. That God is Incorporeal
Chapter XXI. That God is His own Essence
Chapter XXII. That in God Existence and Essence is the same
Chapter XXIII. That in God there is no Accident
Chapter XXIV. That the Existence of God cannot he characterised by the addition of any Substantial Differentia
Chapter XXV. That God is not in any Genus
Chapter XXVI. That God is not the formal or abstract being of all things
Chapter XXVIII. That God is Universal Perfection
Chapter XXIX. How Likeness to God may be found in Creatures
Chapter XXX. What Names can be predicated of God
Chapter XXXI. That the Plurality of divine Names is not inconsistent with the Simplicity of the Divine Being predicated of God and of other Beings
Chapter XXXII. That nothing is predicated of God and other beings synonymously
Chapter XXXIII. That it is not at all true that the application of common Predicates to God and to Creatures involves nothing beyond a mere Identity of Name
Chapter XXXIV. That the things that are said God and Creatures are said analogously
Chapter XXXV. That the several Names predicated of God are not synonymous
Chapter XXXVI. That the Propositions which our Understanding forms of God are not void of meaning
Chapter XXXVIII. That God is His own Goodness
Chapter XXXIX. That in God there can be no Evil
Chapter XL. That God is the Good of all Good
Chapter XLII. That God is One
Chapter XLIII. That God is Infinite
Chapter XLIV. That God has Understanding
Chapter XLV. That in God the Understanding is His very Essence
Chapter XLVI. That God understands by nothing else than by His own Essence
Chapter XLVII. That God perfectly understands Himself
Chapter XLVIII. That God primarily and essentially knows Himself alone
Chapter
Chapter L. That God has a particular Knowledge of all things
Chapter LI. Some Discussion of the Question how there is in the Divine Understanding a Multitude of Objects
Chapter LII. Reasons to show how the Multitude of intelligible Ideal Forms has no Existence except in the Divine Understanding
Chapter LIII. How there is in God a Multitude of Objects of Understanding
Chapter LIV. That the Divine Essence, being One, is the proper Likeness and Type of all things Intelligible
Chapter LV. That God understands all things at once and together
Chapter LVI. That there is no Habitual Knowledge in God 🔒
Chapter LVII. That the Knowledge of God is not a Reasoned Knowledge 🔒
Chapter LVIII. That God does not understand by Combination and Separation of Ideas 🔒
Chapter LIX. That the Truth to be found in Propositions is not excluded from God 🔒
Chapter LX. That God is Truth 🔒
Chapter LXI. That God is pure Truth 🔒
Chapter LXII. That the Truth of God is the First and Sovereign Truth 🔒
Chapter LXIII. The Arguments of those who wish to withdraw from God the Knowledge of Individual Things 🔒
Chapter LXIV. A list of things to be said concerning the Divine Knowledge 🔒
Chapter LXV. That God Knows Individual Things 🔒
Chapter LXVI. That God knows things which are not 🔒
Chapter LXVII. That God knows Individual Contingent Events 🔒
Chapter LXVIII. That God knows the Motions of the Will 🔒
Chapter LXIX. That God knows infinite things 🔒
Chapter LXX. That God knows Base and Mean Things 🔒
Chapter LXXI. That God knows Evil Things 🔒
Chapter LXXII. That God has a Will 🔒
Chapter LXXIII. That the Will of God is His Essence 🔒
Chapter LXXIV. That the Object of the Will of God in the First Place is God Himself 🔒
Chapter LXXV. That God in willing Himself wills also other things besides Himself 🔒
Chapter LXXVI. That with one and the same Act of the Will God wills Himself and all other Beings 🔒
Chapter LXXVII. That the Multitude of the Objects of God’s Will is not inconsistent with the Simplicity of His Substance 🔒
Chapter LXXVIII. That the Divine Will reaches to the good of Individual Existences 🔒
Chapter LXXIX. That God wills things even that as yet are not 🔒
Chapter LXXX. That God of necessity wills His own Being and His own Goodness 🔒
Chapter LXXXI. That God does not of necessity love other things than Himself 🔒
Chapter LXXXII. Arguments against the aforesaid Doctrine and Solutions of the same 🔒
Chapter LXXXIII. That God wills anything else than Himself with an Hypothetical Necessity 🔒
Chapter LXXXIV. That the Will of God is not of things in themselves Impossible 🔒
Chapter LXXXV. That the Divine Will does not take away Contingency from things 🔒
Chapter LXXXVI. That Reason can be assigned for the Divine Will 🔒
Chapter LXXXVII. That nothing can be a Cause to the Divine Will 🔒
Chapter LXXXVIII. That there is a Free Will in God 🔒
Chapter LXXXIX. That there are no Passions in God 🔒
Chapter XC. That there is in God Delight and Joy 🔒
Chapter XCI. That there is Love in God. 🔒
Chapter XCII. In what sense Virtues can be posited in God 🔒
Chapter XCIII. That in God there are the Virtues which regulate Action 🔒
Chapter XCIV. That the Contemplative (Intellectual) Virtues are in God 🔒
Chapter XCV. That God cannot will Evil 🔒
Chapter XCVI. That God hates nothing 🔒
Chapter XCVII. That God is Living 🔒
Chapter XCVIII. That God is His own Life 🔒
Chapter XCIX. That the Life of God is everlasting 🔒
Chapter C. That God is Happy 🔒
Chapter CI. That God Is His own Happiness 🔒
Chapter CII. That the Happiness of God is most perfect, and exceeds all other happiness 🔒
Chapter I. Connexion of what follows with what has gone before. 🔒
Chapter IV. That the Philosopher and the Theologian view Creatures from Different Standpoints 🔒
Chapter V. Order of Matters to be Treated 🔒
Chapter VI. That it belongs to God to be to other Beings the Principle of Existence 🔒
Chapter VII. That there is in God Active Power 🔒
Chapter VIII. That God’s Power is His Substance 🔒
Chapter IX. That God’s Power is His Action 🔒
Chapter X. In what manner Power is said to be in God 🔒
Chapter XI. That something is predicated of God in relation to Creatures 🔒
Chapter XII. That the Relations, predicated of God in regard to Creatures, are not really in God 🔒
Chapter XIII. How the aforesaid Relations are predicated of God 🔒
Chapter XIV. That the Predication of many Relations of God is no prejudice to the Simplicity and Singleness of His Being 🔒
Chapter XV. That God is to all things the Cause of their being 🔒
Chapter XVI. That God has brought things into being out of nothing 🔒
Chapter XVII. That Creation is not a Movement nor a Change 🔒
Chapter XVIII. Solution of Arguments against Creation 🔒
Chapter XIX. That Creation is not Successive 🔒
Chapter XXI. That it belongs to God alone to create 🔒
Chapter XXII. That God is Almighty 🔒
Chapter XXIII. That God’s Action in Creation is not of Physical Necessity, but of Free Choice of Will 🔒
Chapter XXIV. That God acts by His Wisdom 🔒
Chapter XXV. In what sense some things are said to be Impossible to the Almighty 🔒
Chapter XXVI. That the Divine Understanding is not limited to certain fixed Effects 🔒
Chapter XXVIII. That God has not brought things into being in discharge of any Debt of Justice 🔒
Chapter XXIX. How in the Production of a Creature there may be found a debt of Justice in respect of the necessary Sequence of something posterior upon something prior 🔒
Chapter XXX. How Absolute Necessity may have place in Creation 🔒
Chapter XXXI. That it is not necessary for Creatures to have existed from Eternity 🔒
Chapter XXXII, XXXV. Reasons alleged for the Eternity of the World on the part of God, with Answers to the same 🔒
Chapters XXXIII, XXXVI. Reasons alleged for the Eternity of the World on the part Creatures, with answers to the same 🔒
Chapter XXXIV, XXXVII. Reasons alleged for the Eternity of the World on the part of the Creative Process itself, with Answers to the same 🔒
Chapter XXXVIII. Arguments wherewith some try to show that the World is not Eternal, and Solutions of the same 🔒
Chapter XLI. That the Variety of Creatures does not arise from any Contrariety of Prime Agents 🔒
Chapter XLIV. That the Variety of Creatures has not arisen from Variety of Merits and Demerits 🔒
Chapter XLV. The Real Prime Cause of the Variety of Creatures. 🔒
Chapter XLVI. That it was necessary for the Perfection of the Universe that there should be some Intellectual Natures 🔒
Chapter XLVII. That Subsistent Intelligences are Voluntary Agents 🔒
Chapter XLVIII. That Subsistent Intelligences have Free Will 🔒
Chapter XLIX. That Subsistent Intelligence is not Corporeal 🔒
Chapter LII. That in Created Subsistent Intelligences there is a Difference between Existence and Essence 🔒
Chapter LIII. That in Created Subsistent Intelligences there is Actuality and Potentiality 🔒
Chapter LV. That Subsistent Intelligences are Imperishable 🔒
Chapter LVI, LXIX. How a Subsistent Intelligence may be united with a Body, with a Solution of the Arguments alleged to prove that a Subsistent Intelligence cannot be united with a Body as its Form 🔒
Chapter LVII. Plato’s Theory of the Union of the Intellectual Soul with the Body 🔒
Chapter LVIII. That Vegetative, Sentient, and Intelligent are not in man Three Souls 🔒
Chapter LIX. That the Potential Intellect of Man is not a Spirit subsisting apart from Matter 🔒
Chapter LX. That Man is not a Member the Human Species by possession of Passive Intellect, but by possession of Potential Intellect 🔒
Chapter LXI. That the aforesaid Tenet is contrary to the Mind of Aristotle 🔒
Chapter LXII. Against the Opinion of Alexander concerning the Potential Intellect 🔒
Chapter LXIV. That the Soul is not a Harmony 🔒
Chapter LXV. That the Soul is not a Body 🔒
Chapter LXVI. Against those who suppose Intellect and Sense to be the same 🔒
Chapter LXVII. Against those who maintain that the Potential Intellect is the Phantasy 🔒
Chapter LXVIII. How a Subsistent Intelligence may be the Form of a Body 🔒
Chapter LXIX. Solution of the Arguments alleged to show that a Subsistent Intelligence cannot be united with a Body as the Form of that Body 🔒
Chapter LXXIII. That the Potential Intellect is not One and the Same in all Men 🔒
Chapter LXXIV. Of the Opinion of Avicenna, who supposed Intellectual Forms not to be preserved in the Potential Intellect 🔒
Chapter LXXV. Confutation of the Arguments which seem to prove the Unity of the Potential Intellect 🔒
Chapter LXXVI. That the Active Intellect is not a separately Subsisting Intelligence, but a Faculty of the Soul 🔒
Chapter LXXVII. That it is not impossible for the Potential and the Active Intellect to be united in the one Substance of the Soul 🔒
Chapter LXXVIII. That it was not the opinion of Aristotle that the Active Intellect is a separately Subsistent Intelligence, but rather that it is a part of the Soul 🔒
Chapter LXXIX. That the Human Soul does not Perish with the Body 🔒
Chapter LXXX, LXXXI. Arguments of those who wish to prove that the Human Soul perishes with the Body, with Replies to the same 🔒
Chapter LXXXII. That the Souls of Dumb Animals are not Immortal 🔒
Chapter LXXXIII, LXXXIV. Apparent Arguments to show that the Human Soul does not begin with the Body, but has been from Eternity, with Replies to the same 🔒
Chapter LXXXV. That the Soul is not of the substance of God 🔒
Chapter LXXXVI. That the Human Soul is not transmitted by Generation 🔒
Chapter LXXXVII. That the Human Soul is brought into Being by a Creative Act of God 🔒
Chapter LXXXVIII, LXXXIX. Arguments against the Truth of the Conclusion last drawn, with their Solution 🔒
Chapter XCI. That there are Subsistent Intelligences not united with Bodies 🔒
Chapter XCIII. That Intelligences subsisting apart are not more than one in the same Species 🔒
Chapter XCIV. That an Intelligence subsisting apart and a Soul are not of one Species 🔒
Chapter XCVI. That Intelligences subsisting apart do not gather their Knowledge from Objects of Sense 🔒
Chapter XCVII. That the Mind of an Intelligence subsisting apart is ever in the act of understanding 🔒
Chapter Chapter XCVIII. How one separately subsisting Intelligence knows another 🔒
Chapter XCIX. That Intelligences subsisting apart know Material Things, that is to say, the Species of Things Corporeal 🔒
Chapter C. That Intelligences subsisting apart know Individual Things 🔒
Chapter CI. Whether to Separately Subsisting Intelligences all Points of their Natural Knowledge are Simultaneously Present 🔒
Chapter I. Preface to the Book that Follows 🔒
Chapter II. That every Agent acts to some End 🔒
Chapter III. That every Agent acts to some Good 🔒
Chapter IV. That Evil in things is beside the Intention of the Agent 🔒
Chapters V, VI. Arguments against the Truth of the Conclusion last drawn, with Solutions of the Same 🔒
Chapter VII. That Evil is not a Nature or Essence 🔒
Chapters VIII, IX. Arguments against the aforsesaid Conclusion, with Answers to the same 🔒
Chapter X. That the Cause of Evil is good 🔒
Chapter XI. That Evil is founded in some Good 🔒
Chapter XII. That Evil does not entirely swallow up Good 🔒
Chapter XIV. That Evil is an Accidental Cause 🔒
Chapter XV. That there is not any Sovereign Evil, acting as the Principle of All Evils 🔒
Chapter XVI. That the End in View of everything is some Good 🔒
Chapter XVII. That all Things are ordained to one End, which is God 🔒
Chapter XVIII. How God is the End of all Things 🔒
Book III. God the End of Creatures · Chapter XIX. 🔒
Chapter XX. How Things copy the Divine Goodness 🔒
Chapter XXI. That Things aim at Likeness to God in being Causes of other Things 🔒
Chapter XXIV. That all Things seek good, even Things devoid of Consciousness 🔒
Chapter XXV. That the End of every Subsistent Intelligence is to understand God 🔒
Chapter XXVI. That Happiness does not consist in any Act of the Will 🔒
Chapter XXVII. That the Happiness of Man does not consist in Bodily Pleasures 🔒
Chapter XXVIII, XXIX. That Happiness does not consist in Honours nor in Human Glory 🔒
Chapter XXX. That Man’s Happiness does not consist in Riches 🔒
Chapter XXXI. That Happiness does not consist in Worldly Power 🔒
Chapter XXXII. That Happiness does not consist in the Goods of the Body 🔒
Chapter XXXIV. That the Final Happiness Man does not consist in Acts of the Moral Virtues 🔒
Chapter XXXVII. That the Final Happiness of Man consists in the Contemplation of God 🔒
Chapter XXXVIII. That Human Happiness does not consist in such Knowledge of God as is common to the majority of Mankind 🔒
Chapter XXXIX. That Happiness does not consist in the Knowledge of God which is to be had by Demonstration 🔒
Chapter XL. That Happiness does not consist in the Knowledge of God by Faith 🔒
Chapter XLVI. That the Soul in this life does not understand itself by itself 🔒
Chapter XLVII. That we cannot in this life see God as He essentially is 🔒
Chapter XLVIII. That the Final Happiness of Man is not in this Life 🔒
Chapter XLIX. That the Knowledge which Pure Spirits have of God through knowing their own Essence does not carry with it a Vision of the Essence of God 🔒
Chapter L. That the desire of Pure Intelligences does not rest satisfied in the Natural Knowledge which they have of God 🔒
Chapter LI. How God is seen as He essentially is 🔒
Chapter LII. That no Created Substance can of its natural power arrive to see God as He essentially is 🔒
Chapter LIII. That a Created Intelligence needs some influx of Divine Light to see God in His Essence 🔒
Chapter LIV. Arguments against the aforesaid statements, and their Solutions 🔒
Chapter LV. That the Created Intelligence does not comprehend the Divine Substance 🔒
Chapter LVI. That no Created Intelligence in seeing God sees all things that can be seen in Him 🔒
Chapter LVII. That every Intelligence of every grade can be partaker of the vision of God 🔒
Chapter LVIII. That one may see God more perfectly than another 🔒
Chapter LIX. How they who see the Divine Substance see all things 🔒
Chapter LX. That they who see God see all things in Him at once 🔒
Chapter LXI. That by the Sight of God one is Partaker of Life Everlasting 🔒
Chapter LXII. That they who see God will see Him for ever 🔒
Chapter LXIII. How in that Final Happiness every Desire of Man is fulfilled 🔒
Chapter LXIV. That God governs things by His Providence 🔒
Chapter LXV. That God preserves things in being 🔒
Chapter LXVI. That nothing gives Being except in as much as it acts in the Power of God 🔒
Chapter LXVII. That God is the Cause of Activity in all Active Agents 🔒
Chapter LVIII. That God is everywhere and in all things 🔒
Chapter LVIX. Of the Opinion of those who withdraw from Natural Things their Proper Actions 🔒
LXX. How the Same Effect is from God and from a Natural Agent 🔒
Chapter LXXI. That the Divine Providence is not wholly inconsistent with the presence of Evil in Creation 🔒
Chapter LXXII. That Divine Providence is not inconsistent with an element of Contingency in Creation 🔒
Chapter LXXIII. That Divine Providence is not inconsistent with Freedom of the Will 🔒
Chapter LXXIV. That Divine Providence is not inconsistent with Fortune and Chance 🔒
Chapter LXXV. That the Providence of God is exercised over Individual and Contingent Things 🔒
Chapter LXXVI. That the Providence of God watches immediately over all Individual Things 🔒
Chapter LXXVII. That the arrangements of Divine Providence are carried into execution by means of Secondary Causes 🔒
Chapter LXXVIII. That Intelligent Creatures are the Medium through which other Creatures are governed by God 🔒
Chapter LXXXI. Of the Subordination of Men one to another 🔒
Chapter LXXXVIII. That other Subsistent Intelligences cannot be direct Causes of our Elections and Volitions 🔒
Chapter LXXXIX. That the Motion of the Will is caused by God, and not merely by the Power of the Will 🔒
Chapter XC. That Human Choices and Volitions are subject to Divine Providence 🔒
Chapter XCI. How Human Things are reduced to Higher Causes 🔒
Chapter XCII. In what sense one is said to be Fortunate, and how Man is aided by Higher Causes 🔒
Chapter XCIII. Of Fate, whether there be such a thing, and if so, what it is 🔒
Chapter XCIV. Of the Certainty of Divine Providence 🔒
Chapter XCV, XCVI. That the Immutability of Divine Providence does not bar the Utility of Prayer 🔒
Chapter XCVI. That God does not hear all Prayers 🔒
Chapter XCVII. How the Arrangements of Providence follow a Plan 🔒
Chapter XCIX. God can work beyond the Order laid down for Creatures, and produce Effects without Proximate Causes 🔒
Chapter C. That the things which God does beyond the Order of Nature are not contrary to Nature 🔒
Chapter CI. Of Miracles 🔒
Chapter CII. That God alone works Miracles 🔒
Chapter CIII. How Separately Subsisting Spirits work certain Wonders, which yet are not true Miracles 🔒
Chapter CIV. That the Works of Magicians are not due solely to the Influence of the Heavenly Spheres 🔒
Chapter CV. Whence the performances of Magicians derive their Efficacy 🔒
Chapter CVI. That the Subsistent Intelligence, which lends Efficacy to Magical Performances, is not Good in both Categories of Being 🔒
Chapte CVII. That the Subsistent Intelligence, whose aid is employed in Magic, is not Evil by Nature 🔒
Chapter CIX. That in Spirits there may be Sin, and how 🔒
Chapters CVIII, CX. Arguments seeming to prove that Sin is impossible to Spirits, with Solutions of the same 🔒
Chapter CXII. That Rational Creatures are governed by Providence for their own sakes, and other Creatures in reference to them 🔒
Chapter CXIII. That the acts of the Rational Creature are guided by God, not merely to the realisation of the Specific Type, but also to the realisation of the Individual 🔒
Chapter CXIV. That it was necessary for a Law to be given to Man by God 🔒
Chapter CXV. That the main purpose of the Divine Law is to subordinate Man to God 🔒
Chapter CXVI. That the End of the Divine Law is the Love of God 🔒
Chapter CXVIII. That by Divine Law men are obliged to a Right Faith 🔒
Chapter CXIX. That by certain Sensible Rites our mind is directed to God 🔒
Chapter CXX. That the Worship of Latria is to be paid to God alone 🔒
Chapter CXXI. That the Divine Law directs man to a Rational Use of Corporeal and Sensible Things 🔒
Chapter CXXII. Of the reason for which Simple Fornication is a Sin by Divine Law, and of the Natural Institution of Marriage 🔒
Chapter CXXIII. That Marriage ought to be Indissoluble 🔒
Chapter CXXIV. That Marriage ought to be between one Man and one Woman 🔒
Chapter CXXV. That Marriage ought not to take place between Kindred 🔒
Chapter CXXVI. That not all Sexual Intercourse is Sin 🔒
Chapter CXXVII. That of no Food is the Use Sinful in itself 🔒
Chapter CXXVIII. How the Law of God relates a man to his Neighbour 🔒
Chapter CXXIX. That the things commanded by the Divine Law are Right, not only because the Law enacts them, but also according to Nature 🔒
Chapter CXXX. That the Divine Government of Men is after the manner of Paternal Government 🔒
Chapter CXXXI. Of the Counsels that are given in the Divine Law 🔒
Chapters CXXXII, CXXXV. Arguments against Voluntary Poverty, with Replies 🔒
Chapters CXXXIII, CXXXVI. Of various Modes of Living adopted by the Votaries of Voluntary Poverty 🔒
Chapter CXXXIV. In what the Good of Poverty consists 🔒
Chapter CXXXVII. Arguments against Perpetual Continence, with Replies 🔒
Chapter CXXXIX. Against those who find fault with Vows 🔒
Chapter CXL. That neither all Good Works nor all Sins are Equal 🔒
Chapter CXLI. That a Man’s Acts are punished or rewarded by God 🔒
Chapter CXLII. Of the Difference and Order of Punishments 🔒
Chapter CXLIII. That not all Punishments nor all Rewards are Equal 🔒
Chapter CXLIV. Of the Punishment due to Mortal and Venial Sins respectively in regard to the Last End 🔒
Chapter CXLV. That the Punishment whereby one is deprived of his Last End is Interminable 🔒
Chapter CXLVI. That Sins are punished also by the experience of something Painful 🔒
Chapter CXLVII. That it is Lawful for judges to inflict Punishments 🔒
Chapter CXLVIII. That Man stands in need of Divine Grace for the Gaining of Happiness 🔒
Chapter CXLIX. That the Divine Assistance does not compel a Man to Virtue 🔒
Chapter CL. That Man cannot Merit beforehand the said Assistance 🔒
Chapter CLI. That the aforesaid Assistance is called ‘Grace,’ and what is the meaning of ‘Grace constituting a State of Grace’ 🔒
Chapter CLII. That the Grace which constitutes the State of Grace causes in us the Love of God 🔒
Chapter CLIII. That Divine Grace causes in us Faith 🔒
Chapter CLIV. That Divine Grace causes in us a Hope of future Blessedness 🔒
Chapter CLV. Of Graces given gratuitously 🔒
Chapter CLVI.That Man needs the Assistance of Divine Grace to persevere in Good 🔒
Chapter CLVII. That he who falls from Grace by Sin may be recovered again by Grace 🔒
Chapter CLVIII. That Man cannot be delivered from Sin except by Grace 🔒
Chapter CLIX. How Man is delivered from Sin 🔒
Chapter CLX. That it is reasonably reckoned a Man’s own Fault if he be not converted to God, although he cannot be converted without Grace 🔒
Chapter CLXI. That a Man already in Mortal Sin cannot avoid more Mortal Sin without Grace 🔒
Chapter CLXII. That some Men God delivers from Sin, and some He leaves in Sin 🔒
Chapter CLXIII. That God is Cause of Sin to no Man 🔒
Chapter CLXIV. Of Predestination, Reprobation, and Divine Election 🔒
Book Title 🔒
Chapter I. Preface 🔒
Chapter II. Of Generation, Paternity, and Sonship in God 🔒
Chapter III. That the Son of God is God 🔒
Chapters IV, IX. The Opinion of Photinus touching the Son of God, and its rejection 🔒
Chapter V. Rejection of the Opinion of Sabellius concerning the Son of God 🔒
Chapter VI. Of the Opinion of Arius concerning the Son of God 🔒
Chapter VII. Rejection of Arius’s Position 🔒
Chapter VIII. Explanation of the Texts which Arius used to allege for himself 🔒
Chapter 12. How the Son of God is called the Wisdom of God 🔒
Chapter XVII. That the Holy Ghost is true God 🔒
Chapter XVIII. That the Holy Ghost is a Subsistent Person 🔒
Chapter XX. Of the Effects which the Scriptures attribute to the Holy Ghost in respect of the whole Creation 🔒
Chapter XXI. Of the Effects attributed to the Holy Ghost in Scripture in the way of Gifts bestowed on the Rational Creature 🔒
Chapter XXII. Of the Effects attributed to the Holy Ghost in the attraction of the Rational Creature to God 🔒
Chapter XXIII. Replies to Arguments alleged against the Divinity of the Holy Ghost 🔒
Chapter XXIV. That the Holy Ghost proceeds from the Son 🔒
Chapter XXVI. That there are only Three Persons in the Godhead, Father and Son and Holy Ghost 🔒
Chapter XXVII. Of the Incarnation of the Word according to the Tradition of Holy Scripture 🔒
Chapter XXVIII. Of the Error of Photinus concerning the Incarnation 🔒
Chapter XXIX. Of the Error of the Manicheans concerning the Incarnation 🔒
Chapters XXXII, XXXIII. Of the Error of Arius and Apollinaris concerning the Soul of Christ 🔒
Chapter XXXIV. Of the Error of Theodore of Mopsuestia concerning the Union of the Word with Man 🔒
Chapter XXXV. Against the Error of Eutyches 🔒
Chapter XXXVI. Of the Error of Macarius of Antioch, who posited one Operation only and one Will only in Christ 🔒
Chapter XXXIX. The Doctrine of Catholic Faith concerning the Incarnation 🔒
Chapter XLI. Some further Elucidation of the Incarnation 🔒
Chapter XL, XLIX. Objections against the Faith of the Incarnation, with Replies 🔒
Chapter XLIV. That the Human Nature, assumed by the Word, was perfect in Soul and Body in the instant of Conception 🔒
Chapter XLV. That Christ was born of a Virgin without prejudice to His true and natural Humanity 🔒
Chapters XLVI, XLVII. That Christ was conceived by the Holy Ghost 🔒
Chapter LIV. Of the Incarnation as part of the Fitness of Things 🔒
Chapter LV. Points of Reply to Difficulties touching the Economy of the Incarnation 🔒
Chapter L. That Original Sin is transmitted from our First Parent to his Posterity 🔒
Chapter LI, LII. Arguments against Original Sin, with Replies 🔒
Chapter LVI. Of the Need of Sacraments 🔒
Chapter LVII. Of the Difference between the Sacraments of the Old and of the New Law 🔒
Chapter LVIII. Of the Number of the Sacraments of the New Law 🔒
Chapter LIX. Of Baptism 🔒
Chapter LX. Of Confirmation 🔒
Chapter LXI. Of the Eucharist 🔒
Chapter LXIII. Of the Conversion of Bread into the Body of Christ 🔒
Chapter LXIV. An Answer to Difficulties raised in respect of Place 🔒
Chapter LXV. The Difficulty of the Accidents remaining 🔒
Chapter LXVI. What happens when the Sacramental Species pass away 🔒
Chapter LXVII. Answer to the Difficulty raised in respect of the Breaking of the Host 🔒
Chapter LXVIII. The Explanation of a Text 🔒
Chapter LXIX. Of the kind of Bread and Wine that ought to be used for the Consecration of this Sacrament 🔒
Chapter LXX. That it is possible for a man to sin after receiving Sacramental Grace 🔒
Chapter LXXI. That a man who sins after the Grace of the Sacraments may be converted to Grace 🔒
Chapter LXXII. Of the need of the Sacrament of Penance, and of the Parts thereof 🔒
Chapter LXXIII. Of the Sacrament of Extreme Unction 🔒
Chapter LXXIV. Of the Sacrament of Order 🔒
Chapter LXXV. Of the Distinction of Orders 🔒
Chapter LXXVI. Of the Episcopal Dignity, and that therein one Bishop is Supreme 🔒
Chapter LXXVII. That Sacraments can be administered even by Wicked Ministers 🔒
Chapter LXXVIII. Of the Sacrament of Matrimony 🔒
Chapter LXXIX. That through Christ the Resurrection of our Bodies will take place 🔒
Chapter LXXXI. Some Points of Reply to Difficulties on the Resurrection 🔒
Chapter LXXXII. That Men shall rise again Immortal 🔒
Chapter LXXXIII. hat in the Resurrection there will be no use of Food or Intercourse of the Sexes 🔒
Chaptr LXXXIV. That Risen Bodies shall be of the same Nature as before 🔒
Chapter LXXXV. That the Bodies of the Risen shall be otherwise organised than before 🔒
Chapter LXXXVI. Of the Qualities of Glorified Bodies 🔒
Chapter LXXXVIII. Of Sex and Age in the Resurrection 🔒
Chapter LXXXIX. Of the quality of Risen Bodies in the Lost 🔒
Chapter XC. How Incorporeal Subsistent Spirits suffer from Corporeal Fire, and are befittingly punished with Corporeal Punishments 🔒
Chapter XCI. That Souls enter upon Punishment or Reward immediately after their Separation from their Bodies 🔒
Chapter XCII. That the Souls of the Saints after Death have their Will immutably fixed on Good 🔒
Chapter XCIII. That the Souls of the Wicked after Death have their Will immutably fixed on Evil 🔒
Chapter XCIV. Of the Immutability of the Will of Souls detained in Purgatory 🔒
Chapter XCV. Of the General Cause of Immutability in all Souls after their Separation from the Body 🔒
Chapter CXVI. Of the Last Judgement 🔒
Chapter XCVII. Of the State of the World after the Judgement 🔒
Afterword 🔒